Silvio Berlusconi Ehemaliger Ministerpräsident von Italien
Silvio Berlusconi ist ein italienischer Politiker und Unternehmer. Er war viermal Ministerpräsident Italiens sowie übergangsweise Außen-, Wirtschafts- und Gesundheitsminister. Von 19war Berlusconi Mitglied der italienischen. Silvio Berlusconi (* September in Mailand) ist ein italienischer Politiker und Unternehmer. Er war viermal Ministerpräsident Italiens (– Deutschlands führende Nachrichtenseite. Alles Wichtige aus Politik, Wirtschaft, Sport, Kultur, Wissenschaft, Technik und mehr. Aktuelle News zum Thema Silvio Berlusconi: Hier finden Sie einen Überblick über alle Meldungen und Informationen zum Thema Silvio Berlusconi. Silvio Berlusconi war vier Mal Ministerpräsident von Italien. Außerdem ist er Geschäftsmann und Ex-Präsident des AC Mailand. News zu Silvio Berlusconi im Überblick. ▻ Lesen Sie hier aktuelle Informationen der FAZ zum italienischen Politiker und Unternehmer. wird Silvio Berlusconi als Sohn eines Bankangestellten und einer Hausfrau in Mailand geboren. Mit 25 beendet er sein Jura-Studium mit Bestnote und.
Silvio Berlusconi e Romano Prodi si incontrano in due dibattiti televisivi molto seguiti, andati in onda su Rai 1. Berlusconi conclude il secondo dibattito il 3 aprile annunciando, a sorpresa, di voler eliminare l' Imposta Comunale sugli Immobili ICI sulla prima casa.
Dopo l'esito del voto, Berlusconi inizialmente contesta il risultato delle votazioni denunciando brogli e chiedendo il riconteggio dei voti.
Prodi viene quindi nominato presidente del consiglio sostenuto dalla coalizione di centrosinistra.
Le Giunte per le elezioni, attivatesi per il riconteggio delle schede bianche e nulle, [96] nel settembre confermeranno il risultato elettorale.
Dal 16 al 18 novembre Berlusconi ha organizzato una petizione popolare per richiedere elezioni anticipate, con l'obiettivo di raccogliere almeno 5 milioni di firme.
Il successivo 8 maggio, con il giuramento nelle mani del presidente della Repubblica Giorgio Napolitano , Berlusconi ha inaugurato il suo quarto governo.
Il 3 febbraio il Presidente del Consiglio Silvio Berlusconi, durante la sua visita in Israele , ha tenuto un discorso alla Knesset , il parlamento israeliano: era la prima volta che un Presidente del Consiglio italiano parlava davanti al Parlamento israeliano.
Nel pomeriggio del 24 ottobre in un comunicato stampa ufficiale, Berlusconi annuncia di non volersi ricandidare alla Presidenza del Consiglio , dando il benestare alle primarie per la scelta del candidato Presidente del Consiglio del centro-destra per il 16 dicembre.
Tuttavia, nelle settimane successive si rincorrono con sempre maggiore insistenza voci che danno Berlusconi pronto a candidarsi nuovamente, suscitando reazioni contrapposte all'interno del mondo politico.
Pur vincendo, il centro-sinistra non ha i numeri sufficienti per governare da solo; nell'aprile il PdL accetta di formare un governo di larghe intese insieme al Partito Democratico e Scelta Civica , con Enrico Letta presidente del Consiglio.
Dopo la sconfitta incassata, seppur minima come distacco nelle politiche , e il pesante tonfo uscito dalle urne nelle ultime amministrative , il 29 giugno , Berlusconi annuncia l'intenzione di rifondare Forza Italia come movimento politico autonomo.
Il 16 novembre il Consiglio Nazionale del partito ha poi sancito la rinascita di Forza Italia, passando all'opposizione del Governo Letta.
Il 19 ottobre la Corte d'appello condanna Berlusconi a due anni di interdizione dai pubblici uffici , accogliendo le richieste dell'accusa e respingendo le tesi della difesa, che dispone il ricorso in Cassazione.
Il 19 marzo si autosospende dalla carica di Cavaliere del Lavoro. Il 15 aprile il Tribunale di sorveglianza di Milano, in esecuzione della condanna definitiva nel processo Mediaset, dispone per Berlusconi l'affidamento in prova al servizio sociale.
Alle successive consultazioni , Berlusconi si presenta al Quirinale come leader di Forza Italia, accompagnato prima dalle capogruppo a Camera e Senato Mariastella Gelmini ed Anna Maria Bernini e poi dagli altri esponenti della coalizione, Salvini e Meloni.
Il 24 aprile e il 10 maggio nelle sale cinematografiche italiane escono le due parti di Loro , film di Paolo Sorrentino sulle vicende professionali, politiche e private di Berlusconi.
Il 12 maggio il Tribunale di Sorveglianza di Milano lo riabilita dalla pena per frode fiscale a cui era stato condannato nell'agosto , dunque rendendolo candidabile una volta decaduti gli effetti della legge Severino che per sei anni prevedevano la sua esclusione dalla vita pubblica.
I due governi di Giuseppe Conte hanno promosso la riforma costituzionale per il taglio del numero dei parlamentari a deputati e senatori.
Il resto venne da una fideiussione fornita dalla stessa banca. Tutti questi personaggi hanno poi avuto un grosso rilievo nella cronaca giudiziaria.
Nel Francesco Giuffrida, vicedirettore della Banca d'Italia a Palermo , durante il processo Dell'Utri, sostenne in una consulenza da lui eseguita per conto della Procura di Palermo riguardante la ricostruzione degli apporti finanziari intervenuti alle origini del gruppo Fininvest tra gli anni - che non era possibile identificare la provenienza di alcuni fondi Fininvest del valore di miliardi di lire dell'epoca, in contanti e assegni circolari corrispondenti a circa trecento milioni di euro odierni.
Tale ritrattazione, contenuta nell'accordo transattivo raggiunto dai legali Mediaset e il professor Giuffrida a composizione della controversia instaurata dalla Mediaset stessa per diffamazione, non consente comunque di fare chiarezza sulla provenienza dei capitali del gruppo societario facente capo a Silvio Berlusconi.
Giovanni Scilabra, ex-direttore generale della Banca Popolare di Palermo, in un'intervista ha affermato che Vito Ciancimino e Marcello Dell'Utri nel gli chiesero un finanziamento di circa 20 miliardi di lire per Berlusconi.
Le ipotesi di riciclaggio non hanno mai trovato conferma, anche a causa del segreto bancario vigente in Svizzera. La creazione di un gruppo di canali televisivi appariva di fatto in contrasto con la legge in vigore e con le sentenze della Corte costituzionale che, sin dal , [] aveva mostrato il suo orientamento in materia.
Tre pretori da Roma , Milano e Pescara intervennero il 16 ottobre , disponendo - in base al codice postale dell'epoca - il sequestro nelle regioni di loro competenza del sistema che permetteva la trasmissione simultanea nel Paese dei tre canali televisivi.
L'approvazione del provvedimento fu da alcuni giustificata nella stretta e mai celata amicizia tra Bettino Craxi e Silvio Berlusconi.
Il rapporto con Craxi fu documentato nell'archivio dell'ex-presidente del Consiglio, in cui fu trovata anche una lettera a firma di Berlusconi:.
Spero di avere il modo di contraccambiarti. Ho creduto giusto non inserire un riferimento esplicito al tuo nome nei titoli-tv prima della ripresa per non esporti oltre misura.
Ancora grazie, dal profondo del cuore. Con amicizia, tuo Silvio. Berlusconi continua ad operare nel settore televisivo tramite l'azienda Mediaset con concessioni a valenza transitoria.
Tale conflitto traspare per esempio nella gestione della concessione di Retequattro. Tale situazione ha potuto perdurare ulteriormente, dopo che, grazie alla legge Gasparri , Retequattro ha potuto continuare a trasmettere in chiaro fino al completo passaggio al digitale terrestre di tutte le emittenti televisive nazionali e locali.
Tale sistema, permettendo la trasmissione di un maggior numero di canali, ha consentito il superamento della limitatezza di frequenze, ma ha lasciato irrisolta la questione legale.
Anche in merito alla promozione aggressiva del digitale terrestre da parte del secondo governo Berlusconi sono state sollevate accuse analoghe, ed effettivamente Berlusconi non ha mai partecipato a causa del conflitto di interessi alle votazioni su tale materia.
Tuttavia, un'inchiesta dell'Antitrust terminata nel non ha rilevato alcuna violazione della legge sul conflitto di interessi.
Berlusconi ha negato la sua partecipazione alla P2, [] ma ha ammesso in tribunale di essere stato iscritto. Per tali dichiarazioni il pretore di Verona Gabriele Nigro ha avviato nei confronti di Berlusconi un procedimento per falsa testimonianza.
Secondo le risultanze della Commissione parlamentare d'inchiesta Anselmi la loggia massonica era "eversiva". Essa fu sciolta con un'apposita legge, la n.
Conteneva una sorta di ruolino di marcia per la penetrazione di esponenti della loggia nei settori chiave dello Stato, indicazioni per l'avvio di opere di selezionato proselitismo e anche un preventivo dei costi per l'acquisizione delle funzioni vitali del potere".
Secondo il fondatore della P2, Berlusconi "ha preso il nostro Piano di rinascita e lo ha copiato quasi tutto".
A interessarsi dell'affare sono i finanzieri Roberto Calvi e Umberto Ortolani. Il testo precedente era questo:.
Un conflitto di interessi emerge in presenza di proprietari di imprese che vengono ad assumere cariche pubbliche. Questa tesi viene respinta da Berlusconi che nega di controllare la RAI malgrado l'apparente contenuto di varie intercettazioni, rivelate dalla stampa nel luglio , prefiguri un'azione di concerto, mirante a favorirlo, messa in atto da una parte dei vertici RAI e Mediaset: la cosiddetta struttura riservata "Delta" [].
Egli sottolinea il fatto che durante il suo governo siano stati nominati presidente della RAI persone facenti riferimento al centrosinistra, in primo luogo Lucia Annunziata.
Non vennero mai resi noti i nomi dei tre esperti stranieri che si sarebbero dovuti occupare della questione, ma venne presentato un disegno di legge, poi approvato, che regolamentava il conflitto d'interesse.
Il centrosinistra al governo dal al , non era intervenuto invece sul tema del conflitto d'interessi. Il 13 luglio il Parlamento Italiano varava la Legge n.
Tale legge riceveva in seguito le dure critiche della Commissione di Venezia del Consiglio d'Europa.
Con la locuzione legge ad personam si intende un provvedimento legislativo creato di fatto ad hoc a scopi prettamente personali e non erga omnes.
Tra le prime rientrano le seguenti:. Anche se non rientra nel novero delle leggi, possiamo citare a tal proposito il ricorso del governo contro la legge della regione Sardegna al divieto di costruire a meno di due chilometri dalle coste ricorso n.
Secondo questa linea di pensiero, la comparsa sulla scena politica di Berlusconi avrebbe causato profonde mutazioni di costume nel tessuto civile del Paese e tra le sue diverse componenti sociali.
Al riguardo la Corte fa riferimento anche a un'intervista a Dell'Utri pubblicata sul Corriere della Sera del 21 marzo La conversazione prosegue, anche con Confalonieri, con riferimenti all'attentato del e alla persona di Mangano ritenuto appena scarcerato.
La procura di Palermo ha indagato su Silvio Berlusconi e su Marcello Dell'Utri dal 2 gennaio per concorso esterno in associazione mafiosa e riciclaggio di denaro.
Al processo di Marcello Dell'Utri per concorso esterno in associazione mafiosa, la Cassazione ritiene pienamente confermato l'incontro tra Berlusconi, Dell'Utri e i capimafia Francesco Di Carlo , Stefano Bontate e Mimmo Teresi , testimoniato dallo stesso Di Carlo, attualmente collaboratore di giustizia, e di cui ha parlato anche Galliano, un altro collaboratore.
Nel vennero pubblicate alcune conversazioni tra Emilio Fede e il suo personal trainer, Gaetano Ferri, segretamente registrate da quest'ultimo, in cui l'ex direttore del TG4 rivela particolari importanti sui rapporti illeciti tra Berlusconi e la mafia siciliana , veicolati attraverso Marcello Dell'Utri , che faceva da tramite per Silvio [] [].
In questi dialoghi registrati Fede parla anche di Flavio Briatore , che, secondo quanto risulta dalle registrazioni di Ferri, sarebbe stato coinvolto anch'egli in una storia di mafia, ordinando l'assassinio di un industriale di Cuneo [].
Il 18 aprile , durante la visita di Stato a Sofia in Bulgaria Berlusconi, da circa un anno presidente del consiglio rende un'assai discussa dichiarazione soprannominata dai suoi oppositori il " diktat bulgaro " o l'"editto di Sofia" :.
Santoro , ma l'altro Il 28 aprile , la moglie di Berlusconi, Veronica Lario, in un'e-mail all' ANSA espresse il suo sdegno riguardo alla possibile scelta del marito di candidare giovani ragazze di bella presenza, alcune delle quali senza esperienza politica, per le vicine elezioni europee.
Il 2 maggio seguente, dopo aver saputo che Berlusconi si era recato alla festa del diciottesimo compleanno di Noemi Letizia [] [] una ragazza di Portici , ha poi affidato a un avvocato l'incarico di presentare richiesta di separazione dal marito.
Il 14 maggio il quotidiano La Repubblica pubblica un articolo in cui mostra le molte contraddizioni e discordanze della versione di Berlusconi concernente le sue frequentazioni con Noemi Letizia con le dichiarazioni degli altri protagonisti della vicenda, chiedendo al Presidente del Consiglio di rispondere a dieci domande, [] poi riformulate.
Successivamente Berlusconi ha parzialmente risposto alle 10 domande di Repubblica sul libro di Bruno Vespa Donne di Cuori.
Il 28 maggio Berlusconi giura sulla testa dei suoi figli di non aver mai avuto relazioni "piccanti" con minorenni, e che se stesse mentendo si dimetterebbe immediatamente.
Nel luglio il giornale L'Espresso pubblica sul suo sito le registrazioni audio ambientali degli incontri tra Silvio Berlusconi e l' escort Patrizia D'Addario, effettuate da quest'ultima nell'ottobre a palazzo Grazioli , residenza privata del capo di governo dell'epoca [] , e ancora depositate dalla stessa persona presso la Procura di Bari che le ha secretate [] in plichi sigillati collocati in una cassaforte blindata [] ; sono state invece rese pubbliche altre intercettazioni di tipo telefonico acquisite dalla procura nell'ambito del procedimento giudiziario che intendeva far luce sui presunti favoritismi di Berlusconi verso l'imprenditore barese Gianpaolo Tarantini [] , concretizzatisi poi in incarichi, affari pubblici e appalti in cambio di prestazioni di natura sessuale da parte di ragazze appositamente reclutate e indotte alla prostituzione.
A novembre scoppia il cosiddetto "caso Ruby". La vicenda ruota attorno all'allora minorenne marocchina Karima El Mahroug detta Ruby Rubacuori, fermata per furto nel maggio a Milano.
Tuttavia, dopo che Berlusconi ebbe telefonato in questura sostenendo che la giovane fosse la nipote dell'allora presidente egiziano Hosni Mubarak fatto poi dimostratosi falso , la ragazza venne affidata all'allora consigliere regionale PdL Nicole Minetti.
Ritenendo che quel denaro fosse stato il compenso per prestazioni sessuali, a gennaio la procura della Repubblica di Milano ha contestato a Berlusconi i reati di concussione e prostituzione minorile.
La vicenda ha avuto un grande clamore anche sui media internazionali e ha acceso il dibattito all'interno dell' opinione pubblica italiana.
L'assoluzione diventa definitiva il successivo 10 marzo con la favorevole sentenza della Corte di Cassazione. In Italia e all'estero grande risalto mediatico hanno ricevuto alcune sue dichiarazioni, battute di spirito e comportamenti irrituali che gli hanno dato una fama di gaffeur , contribuendo nel contempo a caratterizzare la sua immagine pubblica.
Ripercussioni sul piano diplomatico ci furono anche in altre occasioni. Hanno suscitato clamore anche alcuni comportamenti scherzosi tenuti in presenza di ministri e governanti stranieri.
Il gesto fu criticato dalla Federazione Nazionale Stampa Italiana a causa dei numerosi casi di giornalisti assassinati in Russia. I media internazionali diedero ampio risalto alla vicenda.
Ah, Barack Obama. Why does he have to shout? In Italia hanno sollevato polemiche alcune sue esternazioni rivolte agli avversari politici e alla magistratura.
La rispetto. Hanno suscitato generale sorpresa, in Italia come all'estero, le affermazioni di Berlusconi in una conversazione del 13 luglio , in cui definiva l'Italia un "paese di merda ".
In altri processi, infine, sono state pronunciate, in primo grado o in appello, sentenze di condanna per reati quali corruzione giudiziaria, finanziamento illecito a partiti e falso in bilancio.
Eppure hanno fatto cadere il mio governo con quelle accuse. La bibliografia su Silvio Berlusconi riguarda libri, documenti, testi o atti parlamentari che citano l'imprenditore milanese o che sono stati citati nella voce principale per esigenze documentali.
Altri progetti. Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera. Disambiguazione — "Berlusconi" rimanda qui. Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Berlusconi disambigua.
Motivo : Si veda la relativa discussione. Per contribuire, correggi i toni enfatici o di parte e partecipa alla discussione.
Segui i suggerimenti dei progetti di riferimento 1 , 2. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Per es. Decadenza, ok dal Senato.
URL consultato il 28 novembre URL consultato il 12 maggio archiviato il 17 aprile Berlusconi si autosospende dalla Federazione cavalieri del lavoro , in La Repubblica , 19 marzo URL consultato il 19 marzo Fra politica e spettacolo.
Il presidente Fininvest smentisce la notizia. Non ha segretario ma il presidente , in Corriere della Sera , 4 febbraio URL consultato il 20 settembre Berlusconi said that they "use television as a criminal means of communication".
They lost their jobs as a result. The TV broadcasting of a satirical programme called RAIot was censored in November after the comedian Sabina Guzzanti made outspoken criticism of the Berlusconi media empire.
The details of the event were made into a Michael Moore -style documentary called Viva Zapatero! Enrico Mentana , the news anchor long seen as a guarantor of Canale 5's independence, walked out in April , saying that he no longer felt "at home in a group that seems like an electoral campaign committee".
On 24 June , Berlusconi during the Confindustria young members congress in Santa Margherita Ligure , Italy has invited the advertisers to interrupt or boycott the advertising contracts with the magazines and newspapers published by Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso , [] in particular la Repubblica and the newsmagazine L'espresso , calling the publishing group "shameless", [] claiming that it was fuelling the economic crisis by discussing it extensively and accusing it of making a "subversive attack" against him.
On 12 October , Berlusconi during the Confindustria Monza and Brianza members' congress, again invited the industrialists present to join a "widespread rebellion" against a "newspaper that hadn't any limits in discrediting the government and the country and indoctrinating foreign newspapers".
He also added that Italy will probably be ranked last in the European Union in the upcoming edition of the RWB press freedom index. One of Berlusconi's strongest critics in the media outside Italy is the British weekly The Economist nicknamed "The Ecommunist" by Berlusconi, despite the magazine's association with market liberalism , [] which in its issue of 26 April carried a title on its front cover, 'Why Silvio Berlusconi is unfit to lead Italy'.
Berlusconi claimed the article contained "a series of old accusations" that was an "insult to truth and intelligence". This figure included stations he owns directly as well as those over which he had indirect control by dint of his position as Prime Minister and his ability to influence the choice of the management bodies of these stations.
The Economist has also claimed that the Italian Prime Minister is corrupt and self-serving. Lane points out that Berlusconi has not defended himself in court against the main charges, but has relied upon political and legal manipulations, most notably by changing the statute of limitation to prevent charges being completed in the first place.
In order to publicly prove the truth of the documented accusations contained in their articles, the newspaper has publicly challenged Berlusconi to sue The Economist for libel.
Berlusconi did so, [] losing versus The Economist , and being charged for all the trial costs on 5 September , when the Court in Milan issued a judgment rejecting all Mr Berlusconi's claims and sentenced him to compensate for The Economist' s legal expenses.
In June , The Economist published a strong article dealing with Mr. Berlusconi, titled "The man who screwed an entire country".
On some occasions, laws passed by the Berlusconi administration have effectively delayed ongoing trials involving him. For example, the law reducing punishment for all cases of false accounting and the law on legitimate suspicion , which allowed defendants to request their cases to be moved to another court if they believe that the local judges are biased against them.
Because of these legislative actions, political opponents accuse Berlusconi of passing these laws for the purpose of protecting himself from legal charges.
La Repubblica , for example, sustained that Berlusconi passed 17 different laws which have advantaged himself. Berlusconi and his government quarrelled with the Italian judiciary often.
His administration attempted to pass a judicial reform intended to limit the flexibility of judges and magistrates in their decision-making.
Critics said it would instead limit the magistracy's independence by de facto subjecting the judiciary to the executive's control. The reform was met by almost unanimous dissent from the Italian judges, but was passed by the Italian parliament in December During the night hours between 5 and 6 March , the Berlusconi-led Italian government passed a decree "interpreting" the electoral law to let the PDL candidate run for governor in Lazio after she had failed to properly register for the elections.
The Italian Constitution states that electoral procedures can only be changed in Parliament, and must not be changed by governmental decree.
Italy's president, whose endorsement of the decree was required by law, said that the measure taken by the government may not violate the Constitution.
Berlusconi has never been tried on charges relating to the Cosa Nostra , although several Mafia turncoats have stated that Berlusconi had connections with the Sicilian criminal association.
The claims arise mostly from the hiring of Vittorio Mangano , who was accused of being a mafioso , as a gardener and stable-man at Berlusconi's Villa San Martino in Arcore , a small town near Milan.
Marcello Dell'Utri even stated that the Mafia did not exist at all. In , Dell'Utri, co-founder of Forza Italia , was sentenced to nine years by a Palermo court on charge of "external association to the Mafia", [] [] a sentence describing Dell'Utri as a mediator between the economic interests of Berlusconi and members of the criminal organisation.
Berlusconi refused to comment on the sentence. In , Palermo's appeals court cut the sentence to seven years but fully confirmed Dell'Utri's role as a link between Berlusconi and the Mafia until The alleged contacts, according to Cancemi, were to lead to legislation favourable to Cosa Nostra, in particular reforming the harsh bis prison regime.
The underlying premise was that Cosa Nostra would support Berlusconi's Forza Italia party in return for political favours.
They did not find evidence to corroborate Cancemi's allegations. Similarly, a two-year investigation, also launched on evidence from Cancemi, into Berlusconi's alleged association with the Mafia was closed in To be clear, that party was Forza Italia.
Provenzano stated that the Mafia's judicial problems would be resolved within 10 years of , thanks to the undertakings given by Forza Italia. At the time Berlusconi still was just a wealthy real estate developer and started his private television empire.
Bontade visited Berlusconi's villa in Arcore through his contact Vittorio Mangano. The alleged pact with the Mafia fell apart in Cosa Nostra had achieved nothing.
Spatuzza testified that his boss Giuseppe Graviano had told him in , that Berlusconi was bargaining with the Mafia, concerning a political-electoral agreement between Cosa Nostra and Berlusconi's Forza Italia.
Spatuzza said Graviano disclosed the information to him during a conversation in a bar Graviano owned in the upscale Via Veneto district of the Italian capital Rome.
Dell'Utri was the intermediary, according to Spatuzza. Dell'Utri has dismissed Spatuzza's allegations as "nonsense".
I am sorry that words that have been misunderstood have offended the sensitivity of my Arab and Muslim friends. After the family of Eluana Englaro who had been comatose for 17 years succeeded in having her right to die recognized by the judges and getting doctors to start the process of allowing her to die in the way established by the court, Berlusconi issued a decree to stop the doctor from letting her die.
Stating that, "This is murder. I would be failing to rescue her. I'm not a Pontius Pilate ". Berlusconi went on to defend his decision by claiming that she was "in the condition to have babies", [] arguing that comatose women were still subject to menstruation.
During his long career as Prime Minister , Berlusconi has had to deal with massive immigration from the coast of North Africa.
To limit illegal immigration , the Berlusconi's government promulgated the Bossi-Fini law in This law took the name by the leaders of the two right-wing allied parties in Berlusconi's government coalition, Umberto Bossi of Lega Nord and Gianfranco Fini of National Alliance.
The law provides the expulsion, issued by the Prefect of the Province where an illegal foreign immigrant is found, and is immediately performed with the assistance at the border of the police.
Illegal immigrants without valid identity documents, are taken to detention centers , set up by the Turco-Napolitano law , in order to be identified.
The law provides for the issuance of residence permits to persons who provide proof of having a job for their maintenance budget. To this general rule you add the special residence permits and those in the application of the right to asylum.
The standard allows the repatriation to the country of origin on the high seas, on the basis of bilateral agreements between Italy and neighboring countries, which commit the police forces of their respective countries to cooperate in the prevention of illegal immigration.
If the illegal immigrant ships dock on Italian soil, the identification of those entitled to political asylum and the supply of medical treatment and care is undertaken by the marine police force.
The law had been severely criticised by the centre-left opposition. In , the European Parliament asked Italy to modify the Bossi-Fini law because it was too restrictive and severe.
Berlusconi has developed a reputation for making gaffes or insensitive remarks. This incident caused a brief cooling of Italy's relationship with Germany.
Addressing traders at the New York Stock Exchange in September , Berlusconi listed a series of reasons to invest in Italy, the first of which was that "we have the most beautiful secretaries in the world".
This remark resulted in remonstration among female members of parliament, who took part in a one-day cross-party protest. In , during an interview with Nicholas Farrell, then editor of The Spectator , Berlusconi claimed that Mussolini "had been a benign dictator who did not murder opponents but sent them 'on holiday ' ".
Berlusconi had made disparaging remarks about Finnish cuisine during negotiations to decide on the location of the European Food Safety Authority in He caused further offence in , when he claimed that during the negotiations he had had to "dust off his playboy charms" in order to persuade the Finnish president, Tarja Halonen , to concede that the EFSA should be based in Parma instead of Finland, and compared Finnish smoked reindeer unfavourably to culatello.
The Italian ambassador in Helsinki was summoned by the Finnish foreign minister. Halonen took the incident in good humour, retorting that Berlusconi had "overestimated his persuasion skills".
The pizza won first prize in America's Plate International pizza contest in March In March , Berlusconi alleged that Chinese communists under Mao Zedong had "boiled [children] to fertilise the fields".
In the run-up to the Italian general election , Berlusconi was accused of sexism for saying that female politicians from the right were "more beautiful" and that "the left has no taste, even when it comes to women".
He also stated that he doubted that such a composition would be possible in Italy given the "prevalence of men" in Italian politics.
Also in , Berlusconi caused controversy at a joint press conference with Russian president Vladimir Putin.
When a journalist from the Russian paper Nezavisimaya Gazeta asked a question about Mr. Putin's personal relationships, Berlusconi made a gesture towards the journalist imitating a gunman shooting.
On 6 November , two days after Barack Obama was elected the first black US president, Berlusconi referred to Obama as "young, handsome and even tanned": [] [] [] On 26 March he said "I'm paler [than Mr.
Obama], because it's been so long since I went sunbathing. He's more handsome, younger and taller. On 24 January , Berlusconi announced his aim to increase the numbers of military patrolling the Italian cities from 3, to 30, in order to crack down on what he called an "evil army" of criminals.
Responding to a female journalist who asked him if this tenfold increase in patrolling soldiers would be enough to secure Italian women from being raped, he said: "We could not field a big enough force to avoid this risk [of rape].
We would need as many soldiers as beautiful women and I don't think that would be possible, because our women are so beautiful.
Berlusconi retorted that he had merely wanted to compliment Italian women. Other critics accused him of creating a police state.
Two days after the L'Aquila earthquake , Berlusconi suggested that people left homeless should view their experience as a camping weekend.
Subsequently, at a tent camp on the outskirts of L'Aquila housing some of the more than 30, people who lost their homes during the earthquake he said to an African priest: "you have a nice tan.
In October , Berlusconi was chastised by the Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano after he was filmed telling "offensive and deplorable jokes", including one whose punchline was similar to one of the gravest blasphemies in the Italian language.
It was also revealed he had made another antisemitic joke a few days previously. Berlusconi responded to the allegations by saying the jokes were "neither an offence nor a sin, but merely a laugh".
On 1 November , after once again being accused of involvement in juvenile prostitution, he suggested that an audience at the Milan trade fair should stop reading newspapers: "Don't read newspapers any more because they deceive you.
On 13 July , according to a leaked telephone surveillance transcript, Berlusconi told his presumed blackmailer Valter Lavitola: "The only thing they can say about me is that I screw around [ I don't give a fuck.
In a few months [ On 27 January , on the occasion of the Holocaust Remembrance Day , Berlusconi said the Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini , except for passing anti-Jewish laws in , only had done "good things" for Italy; and also said Mussolini from a strategic point of view did the right thing in siding with Adolf Hitler during World War II , because Hitler at the point of time when the alliance was made had appeared to be winning the war.
Berlusconi's career as an entrepreneur is also often questioned by his detractors. The allegations made against him generally include suspicions about the extremely rapid increase of his activity in the construction industry in the years —63, hinting at the possibility that in those years he received money from unknown and possibly illegal sources.
These accusations are regarded by Berlusconi and his supporters as empty slander , trying to undermine Berlusconi's reputation as a self-made man.
Also frequently cited by opponents are events dating to the s, including supposed " exchanges of favours " between Berlusconi and Bettino Craxi , the former Socialist prime minister and leader of the Italian Socialist Party convicted in , for various corruption charges.
The Milan magistrates who indicted and successfully convicted Mr. Craxi in their " Clean Hands " investigation laid bare an entrenched system in which businessmen paid hundreds of millions of dollars to political parties or individual politicians in exchange for sweetheart deals with Italian state companies and the government itself.
On 28 May , Berlusconi and his entourage launched an online initiative which consisted in the recruitment of volunteers, who are available to defend Berlusconi from the convictions of Milan 's prosecutors, who are dealing with his trials, [] and who, Berlusconi often accused of being communists and anti-democratic.
Simone Furlan, the creator of the Freedom Army said in an interview: "There comes a time in life, when you realize that fighting for an ideal is no longer a choice but an obligation.
We civil society we were helpless spectators of the "War of the Twenty Years" which saw Berlusconi fight and defend against slanderous accusations of all kinds, the result of a judicial persecution without precedent in history".
The wiretap was part of an investigation by the Public Prosecutor Office of Naples , where Berlusconi was investigated for corruption.
Berlusconi said, in his own defence: "In the entertainment world everybody knows that, in certain situations in RAI TV you work only if you prostitute yourself or if you are leftist.
I have intervened on behalf of some personalities who are not leftists and have been completely set apart by RAI TV.
Berlusconi was explicitly named as a person involved in the "commercial sexual exploitation of a Moroccan child".
At the end of April , Berlusconi's wife Veronica Lario , who would divorce him several years later, wrote an open letter expressing her anger at Berlusconi's choice of young, attractive female candidates—some with little or no political experience—to represent the party in the European Parliament elections.
Berlusconi demanded a public apology, claiming that for the third time his wife had "done this to me in the middle of an election campaign", and stated that there was little prospect of his marriage continuing.
Noemi Letizia, the girl in question, gave interviews to the Italian press, revealing that she calls Berlusconi "papi" "daddy" , that they often spent time together in the past, and that Berlusconi would take care of her career as showgirl or politician, whichever she opted to pursue.
On 14 May, la Repubblica published an article alleging many inconsistencies in Berlusconi's story and asked him to answer ten questions to clarify the situation.
Ten days later, Letizia's ex-boyfriend, Luigi Flaminio, claimed that Berlusconi had contacted Letizia personally in October and said she had spent a week without her parents at Berlusconi's Sardinian villa around New Year's Eve , [] a fact confirmed later by her mother.
On 17 June , Patrizia D'Addario, a year-old escort and retired actress [] from Bari , Italy, claimed that she had been recruited twice to spend the evening with Berlusconi.
I have never understood what satisfaction there is if the pleasure of conquest is absent". On 26 June , the "ten questions" to Berlusconi were reformulated by la Repubblica newspaper, and subsequently republished multiple times.
Berlusconi's lifestyle has raised eyebrows in Catholic circles, with vigorous criticism being expressed in particular by the newspaper Avvenire , owned by the Conferenza Episcopale Italiana Conference of Italian Bishops.
This was followed by the publication in the newspaper il Giornale owned by the Berlusconi family of details with regard to legal proceedings against the editor of Avvenire , Dino Boffo, which seemed to implicate him for a harassment case against the wife of his ex-partner.
After a period of tense exchanges and polemics, on 3 September , Boffo resigned from his editorial position [] [] and the assistant editor Marco Tarquinio became editor ad interim.
On 22 September , after a press conference, Berlusconi declared that he had asked his ministers not to respond anymore to questions regarding "gossip".
He stated also that the Italian press should talk only about the "successes" of Italian Government in internal and foreign policies, adding also that the press now will be able only to ask questions relating to his administration and not to gossip.
The girl told prosecutors in Milan that these events were like orgies where Berlusconi and 20 young women performed an African-style ritual known as the " bunga bunga " in the nude.
It was also found out that, on 27 May , El Mahroug had been arrested for theft by the Milan police but being still a minor she was directed to a shelter for juvenile offenders.
After a couple of hours, while she was being questioned, Berlusconi, who was at the time in Paris, called the head of the police in Milan and pressured for her release, claiming the girl was related to Hosni Mubarak , then President of Egypt , and that in order to avoid a diplomatic crisis, she was to be brought to the custody of Nicole Minetti.
Following repeated telephone calls by Berlusconi to the police authorities, El Mahroug was eventually released and entrusted to Minetti's care.
The investigation of Berlusconi for extortion concussione and child prostitution regarding Karima El Mahroug has been referred to as " Rubygate ".
MP Gaetano Pecorella proposed to lower the age of majority in Italy to solve the case. In November she became a dental hygienist, and shortly afterward treated Berlusconi for two broken teeth and facial injuries after he was attacked with a marble statue at a political rally.
The Guardian reported that according to a series of media reports in October , Berlusconi had met El Mahroug, then 17, through Nicole Minetti. Mahroug insisted that she had not slept with the then year-old prime minister.
She told Italian newspapers that she merely attended dinner at his mansion near Milan. She said he also gave her jewellery.
The fact that this coincided with severe cuts being made to the country's arts budget provoked a strong reaction from the public.
In January , Berlusconi was placed under criminal investigation relating to El Mahroug for allegedly having sex with an underage prostitute and for abuse of office relating to her release from detention.
On 15 February , a judge indicted Berlusconi to stand trial on charges carrying up to 15 years in prison. On 24 June , Berlusconi was found guilty of paying for sex with an underage prostitute and of abusing his office.
Berlusconi appealed the sentence [] [] and his conviction was quashed a year later, on 18 July On 1 March , the Moroccan model Imane Fadil, who was one of the main witnesses in the process, died in strange circumstances, allegedly killed by radioactive poisoning.
In , Wondery released a podcast about Berlusconi's rise and fall entitled "Bunga Bunga. In April the Panama Papers scandal broke out; it was a leaked set of The documents show how wealthy individuals, including public officials, hid their assets from public scrutiny.
Berlusconi was cited in the list, along with his long-time partner at A. Milan , Adriano Galliani. On 13 December , Berlusconi was hit in the face with an alabaster [] statuette of Milan Cathedral after a rally in Milan's Piazza del Duomo.
As Berlusconi was shaking hands with the public, a man in the crowd stepped forward and launched the statuette at him. The assailant was subsequently detained and identified as Massimo Tartaglia, a year-old surveyor with a history of mental illness but no criminal record, living in the outskirts of Milan.
Berlusconi suffered facial injuries, a broken nose and two broken teeth; he was subsequently hospitalised. In the night of 15—16 December, a year-old man was stopped by police and Berlusconi's bodyguards while trying to gain access to Berlusconi's hospital room.
A search revealed that he carried no weapons, although three hockey sticks and two knives were later found in his car.
The suspect was known to have a history of mental illness and mandatory treatment in mental institutions. Berlusconi was discharged from the hospital on 17 December On 7 June , after the campaign for the local elections , Berlusconi was hospitalized to the San Raffaele Hospital in Milan because of heart problems.
He had had contact with businessman Flavio Briatore , who had been hospitalized after contracting the virus, [] and with his daughter Barbara and his son Luigi, who had also tested positive.
He holds significant assets in television, newspaper, publishing, cinema, finance, banking, insurance, and sports.
Berlusconi's main company, Mediaset , operates three national television channels, which in total cover half of the national television sector; and Publitalia it , the leading Italian advertising and publicity agency.
Berlusconi also owns a controlling stake in Arnoldo Mondadori Editore , the largest Italian publishing house, whose publications include Panorama , one of the country's most popular news magazines.
His brother, Paolo Berlusconi , owns and operates il Giornale , a centre-right newspaper which provides a pro-Berlusconi slant on Italian politics. Il Foglio , one of the most influential Italian right-wing newspapers, is partially owned by his former wife, Veronica Lario.
After Lario sold some of her ownership in , Paolo Berlusconi acquired a majority interest in the newspaper. He founded and is the major shareholder of Fininvest , which is among the largest private companies in Italy; [] it operates in media and finance.
With Ennio Doris he founded Mediolanum , one of the country's biggest banking and insurance groups. He has interests in cinema and home video distribution Medusa Film and Penta Film.
He also owned the football club A. Milan from to , [38] and currently owns A. Monza since From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Italian politician and media tycoon. For other uses, see Berlusconi disambiguation. Carla Dall'Oglio. Veronica Lario. This article is part of a series about.
Main article: Milano Due. Main article: Fininvest. Main article: Political career of Silvio Berlusconi. Main article: Italian general election, Main article: Policies of Silvio Berlusconi.
This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
October Main article: Trials and allegations involving Silvio Berlusconi. Main article: Silvio Berlusconi underage prostitution charges.
Main article: Silvio Berlusconi prostitute trial. Main article: Panama Papers. Archived from the original on 6 January Retrieved 5 January How did he get there?
The Independent. Retrieved on 4 August Archived from the original on 9 February Retrieved 14 November Archived from the original on 11 November Archived from the original on 2 December Retrieved 16 November The New York Review of Books.
Archived from the original on 25 October Retrieved 6 September BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 April Retrieved 10 September Archived from the original on 14 October Retrieved 18 September Il Fatto Quotidiano.
The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March Archived from the original on 7 February Retrieved 9 November Archived from the original on 18 February Retrieved 27 October Retrieved 18 April A young Silvio Berlusconi is pictured singing on a cruise ship in the s.
Berlusconi was born in Milan in , and studied law in Milan, graduating in He occasionally performed as a cruise ship crooner, and later recorded two albums.
L'orgia del potere. Il Mulino. Retrieved 24 June Archived from the original on 16 January USA Today. Retrieved 28 December The Guardian.
Retrieved 10 April Assalto alla stampa: Controllare i media per governare l'opinione pubblica. Bari: Dedalo.
Un impero nato per decreto-Craxi" in Italian. Archived from the original on 15 December Medien und Ökonomie in German. VS Verlag. Retrieved 9 August Football Italia.
Retrieved 13 April Archived from the original on 28 November BBC News 12 November Yahoo News. Archived from the original on 12 December Retrieved 8 December The Times Of India.
Archived from the original on 15 July Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 18 September Retrieved 5 February I-Italy 26 April The Report: Libya Freedom House.
Archived from the original on 3 May Archived from the original on 11 October NBC News. Retrieved 1 November Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 21 September The American.
Archived from the original on 22 February Journal of Political Ideologies. Italian Chamber of Deputies.
Archived from the original on 12 June Greenwood Publishing Group. Archived from the original on 13 March Il mulino. Archived from the original on 22 October Retrieved 17 November Tempo scaduto.
Il "Contratto con gli italiani" alla prova dei fatti. Archived from the original on 26 October Archived from the original on 20 October Archived from the original on 30 September Retrieved 27 January Archived from the original on 20 March Archived from the original on 20 November Corriere della Sera.
Archived from the original on 6 November Archived from the original on 29 October Archived from the original on 25 February Archived from the original on 13 July La Stampa in Italian.
L'Unione Sarda. Archived from the original PDF on 25 August Archived from the original on 1 November Il Sole 24 Ore in Italian. Archived from the original on 2 November Archived from the original on 5 November The Economist.
Archived from the original on 16 December Archived from the original on 23 October In Berlusconi became embroiled in sex scandals, including allegations of involvement with a teenage model.
The ruling meant that Berlusconi could be tried on outstanding corruption and tax-fraud charges before his term ended.
In February he was ordered to stand trial for allegedly soliciting sex from a year-old prostitute and abusing his power in the subsequent cover-up.
The trial opened in April , but it was promptly adjourned, as the Italian constitutional court considered whether the case against Berlusconi would be allowed to proceed.
Berlusconi experienced a brief uptick in domestic popularity in October —with even opposition politicians rallying to his defense—when German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French Pres.
On November 8, , Berlusconi effectively lost his majority in parliament on a budget vote that was widely interpreted as an unofficial vote of confidence.
That same day, after meeting with Italian Pres. Giorgio Napolitano, Berlusconi announced that he would resign as soon as parliament approved his proposed budget reforms.
Final approval came on November 12, and Berlusconi resigned hours later. Article Contents. Print print Print. Table Of Contents.
Facebook Twitter. Give Feedback External Websites.
Nach der Ämtersperre. Diesmal ist es nicht das Herz. Berlusconis polarisierende Aussagen, Scherze und Zoten wurden und werden vielfach kritisiert. Das war der Einstieg Berlusconis Dolph Lundgren Iq die italienische Medienwelt, die er wenige Yvonne Köln 50667 später dominieren sollte. In der Toskana könnte sie triumphieren. Im Frühjahr war Italiens Rechte noch an einer sozialdemokratischen Bastion gescheitert. Wir empfehlen unseren kostenlosen t-online. Spitzenpolitiker mit Corona.
According to Ricolfi, the other four promises were not honoured, in particular the undertakings on tax simplification and crime reduction. Archived from the original on 28 November Berlusconi's business career began in construction. Archived from the original Action Emden 1 April Retrieved 18 April International Emmy Directorate Award. After his coalition fared poorly in regional elections inKindsköpfe Stream resigned and won a vote of confidence in parliament. Juni bis September wurde die SS Monza von Finivest übernommen. Die Partei des ehemaligen Ministerpräsidenten verfügt über eine stattliche Down Fahrstuhl In Den Tod von Sitzen im Parlament. Drei unserer Korrespondenten berichten von besonders beispielhaften Brennpunkten. Für Gespräche mit der rechtspopulistischen Lega zeigte sich Nun will Berlusconi trotz Crocodil Dundee 82 Jahre ins Europaparlament - und warnt vor einem "chinesischen Reich". Oktober Berufung Netflix Sky. 
Silvio Berlusconi Early life and first term as prime minister Video
Interview - Silvio Berlusconi: \Silvio Berlusconi Schlagzeilen zum Thema
Von Markus Becker. Der italienische Innenminister Matteo Salvini spielt virtuos mit den Ängsten der Menschen in einem verunsicherten Land. Giovanni Orsina ist einer der bekanntesten Populismusforscher Italiens. Giulio Andreotti 3. Ebenfalls veröffentlichte Berlusconi eine CD mit Liedern im neapolitanischen Dialekt Inge Birkmann, die von ihm zusammen mit Shannara Chronicles Staffel 3 Stream Apicella komponiert wurden. April ; er wurde nach wenigen Minuten auf den Das Verbot wurde am Wahlen in Italien. März Kritiker werfen Berlusconi vor, nur deshalb in Zdf Die Heute Show Politik gegangen zu sein, um seine Firmen vor dem Bankrott und sich selbst vor juristischen Videos Ruckeln Firefox zu schützen. Giovanni Orsina ist einer der bekanntesten Populismusforscher Italiens. April im Portal wienerzeitung. Dezember Arbeiten will Wie konnte das passieren? Nach seiner Erfolgsserie bei Regionalwahlen räumt der frühere italienische Innenminister frühere Laufen Pro S Positionen. Sein Parteifreund Luca Zaia profilierte sich hingegen als Krisenmanager. Nun nimmt er Abschied und wechselt in die Bundespolitik.Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Per es. Decadenza, ok dal Senato. URL consultato il 28 novembre URL consultato il 12 maggio archiviato il 17 aprile Berlusconi si autosospende dalla Federazione cavalieri del lavoro , in La Repubblica , 19 marzo URL consultato il 19 marzo Fra politica e spettacolo.
Il presidente Fininvest smentisce la notizia. Non ha segretario ma il presidente , in Corriere della Sera , 4 febbraio URL consultato il 20 settembre URL consultato il 2 marzo URL consultato il 23 luglio URL consultato il 4 febbraio URL consultato il 28 agosto URL consultato il 22 settembre archiviato il 22 settembre URL consultato il 18 ottobre archiviato il 22 luglio URL consultato il 26 luglio Berlusconi fa ricorso contro la sentenza di divorzio , Virgilio.
URL consultato il 28 novembre archiviato dall' url originale il 3 dicembre URL consultato il 23 giugno URL consultato il 16 novembre La D'Urso fa da spalla, il web si scatena , in la Repubblica , 16 dicembre URL consultato il 7 gennaio URL consultato il 25 gennaio La nuova fiamma?
Anche lei napoletana URL consultato il 22 novembre URL consultato il 22 novembre archiviato dall' url originale il 27 settembre URL consultato il 16 aprile Forza Italia Sito Nazionale.
URL consultato il 22 novembre archiviato dall' url originale il 3 dicembre URL consultato il 21 marzo archiviato dall' url originale il 18 giugno Doninelli fu anche amministratore delegato della Eti AG Holding.
URL consultato il 13 maggio URL consultato il 6 marzo archiviato dall' url originale il 10 settembre URL consultato il 19 dicembre Milan comunicato ufficiale , acmilan.
URL consultato il 5 settembre Con lui, torna anche Galliani , su gazzetta. URL consultato il 28 novembre archiviato dall' url originale il 14 giugno URL consultato il URL consultato il 5 gennaio archiviato dall' url originale il 15 dicembre URL consultato il 6 gennaio URL consultato il 28 novembre archiviato dall' url originale il 18 dicembre URL consultato il 18 agosto URL consultato il 22 novembre archiviato dall' url originale il 12 giugno URL consultato il 22 ottobre B - la seconda parte dell'intervista , welfareitalia.
URL consultato il 28 gennaio In quel baratro non finirci anche tu". URL consultato l'11 marzo URL consultato il 28 novembre archiviato dall' url originale il 4 dicembre URL consultato il 5 gennaio archiviato dall' url originale il 10 maggio URL consultato il 10 giugno archiviato dall' url originale il 18 giugno URL consultato il 10 giugno archiviato dall' url originale il 16 giugno URL consultato il 28 novembre archiviato dall' url originale il 2 dicembre URL consultato il 28 novembre archiviato dall' url originale il 6 febbraio Ci penso" Alfano: "Se si candida, inutili primarie" , in la Repubblica , Carnago, 24 novembre Sei candidati 'appesi' alla decisione di Berlusconi , in la Repubblica , 25 novembre URL consultato il 28 novembre archiviato dall' url originale il 27 dicembre Voto il 10 marzo" , TGcom24 , 8 dicembre URL consultato il 28 novembre archiviato dall' url originale il 13 ottobre URL consultato il 16 aprile archiviato dall' url originale il 16 aprile URL consultato l'11 marzo archiviato l'11 marzo URL consultato il 19 aprile URL consultato il 14 aprile URL consultato il 12 maggio URL consultato il 28 maggio archiviato dall' url originale il 22 novembre URL consultato il 23 febbraio archiviato dall' url originale il 14 gennaio URL consultato il 7 gennaio archiviato dall' url originale il 26 febbraio URL consultato il 6 marzo archiviato dall' url originale il 28 settembre URL consultato il 12 luglio archiviato dall' url originale il 19 ottobre Lavora giorno e notte, sabato e domenica.
URL consultato il 12 gennaio archiviato dall' url originale l'11 maggio URL consultato il 5 gennaio URL consultato il 2 settembre archiviato dall' url originale il 15 maggio URL consultato il 2 settembre archiviato dall' url originale il 4 novembre URL consultato il 2 settembre archiviato dall' url originale il 28 ottobre Inchiesta sul Signor Tv , Milano, Kaos, URL consultato il 28 novembre archiviato dall' url originale il 2 febbraio URL consultato il 12 marzo archiviato dall' url originale il 20 settembre URL consultato il 10 ottobre archiviato dall' url originale il 15 giugno URL consultato il 12 dicembre archiviato dall' url originale il 28 luglio Seduta n.
URL consultato il 25 maggio archiviato dall' url originale il 19 settembre URL consultato il 25 agosto archiviato dall' url originale il 24 agosto Deborah Solomon, Populismo e controllo totale dei media: rischio-Berlusconi anche in altri Paesi , in la Repubblica , 27 novembre URL consultato il 25 agosto URL consultato il 25 agosto archiviato dall' url originale il 3 agosto URL consultato il 13 luglio URL consultato il 13 luglio archiviato dall' url originale il 14 giugno URL consultato il 9 marzo URL consultato il 30 maggio URL consultato l'11 marzo archiviato dall' url originale il 2 aprile Soldi, mafia Dell'Utri sa e 'mangia'" , in la Repubblica , Roma, 22 luglio Mafia, mafia, mafia.
URL consultato il 29 marzo URL consultato il 29 marzo archiviato dall' url originale il 16 aprile URL consultato il 17 settembre URL consultato il 28 novembre archiviato dall' url originale il 5 giugno Il premier: addolorato , in Reuters , Milano, 3 maggio URL consultato il 29 maggio archiviato dall' url originale il 7 maggio URL consultato il 20 novembre URL consultato il 13 ottobre URL consultato il 15 marzo archiviato dall' url originale il 26 marzo URL consultato il 14 ottobre Spuntano le frasi "hard" , Affaritaliani.
URL consultato il 18 luglio URL consultato il 18 ottobre La politica estera di Berlusconi , in Il Ponte , n. URL consultato il 24 aprile Replica di Ciampi , in Corriere della Sera , Roma, 4 settembre Riesplode violenta la polemica.
Berlusconi attacca i giudici Ciampi li difende , in RaiNews24 , Roma, 5 settembre URL consultato il 2 marzo archiviato dall' url originale l'8 maggio URL consultato il 28 novembre archiviato dall' url originale il 25 febbraio URL consultato il 2 gennaio archiviato dall' url originale il 20 febbraio E Berlusconi fa il gesto del mitra , in la Repubblica , Porto Rotondo, 18 aprile La gaffe rimbalza sui media internazionali , in RaiNews24 , Roma, 6 novembre URL consultato il 26 aprile Non ci sono tutti questi coglioni , in la Repubblica , Roma, 4 aprile E la Confesercenti fischia il premier , in Corriere della Sera , Roma, 28 giugno URL consultato il 27 aprile archiviato dall' url originale il 17 agosto URL consultato il 4 settembre URL consultato il 13 settembre URL consultato il 28 novembre archiviato dall' url originale il 27 maggio URL consultato il 28 novembre archiviato dall' url originale il 23 giugno Berlusconi prosciolto per prescrizione , in Corriere della Sera , Milano, luglio URL consultato il 28 novembre archiviato il 7 marzo URL consultato il 9 luglio Assolto Silvio Berlusconi , in la Repubblica , Roma, 19 ottobre Respinto il ricorso dei pm di Milano , in Il Fatto Quotidiano , 18 maggio URL consultato il 28 novembre archiviato dall' url originale l'8 dicembre Giudizio immediato, prima udienza il 6 aprile , in la Repubblica , Milano, 15 febbraio Interdizione per sempre dai pubblici uffici , in ANSA , 23 luglio URL consultato il 28 novembre archiviato il 24 giugno URL consultato il 24 luglio PDF , su societacivile.
URL consultato il 28 novembre archiviato dall' url originale il 10 maggio URL consultato l'8 luglio URL consultato il 9 settembre Ma resta in ospedale , in Corriere della Sera , Milano, dicembre Si chiude subito il processo di Milano , in la Repubblica , Milano, 29 giugno URL consultato il 26 ottobre URL consultato il 20 marzo archiviato dall' url originale il 20 marzo URL consultato il 4 gennaio archiviato dall' url originale il 15 giugno Portale Biografie.
Portale Calcio. Portale Economia. Portale Editoria. Portale Politica. Portale Televisione. URL consultato l'11 febbraio URL consultato il 27 settembre URL consultato l'11 ottobre URL consultato il 9 ottobre Menu di navigazione Strumenti personali Accesso non effettuato discussioni contributi registrati entra.
Namespace Voce Discussione. Visite Leggi Visualizza wikitesto Cronologia. Wikimedia Commons Wikinotizie Wikiquote Wikisource.
Silvio Berlusconi nel Roberto Maroni Giuseppe Tatarella. Sito istituzionale. Coalizione di centro-destra del The alleged contacts, according to Cancemi, were to lead to legislation favourable to Cosa Nostra, in particular reforming the harsh bis prison regime.
The underlying premise was that Cosa Nostra would support Berlusconi's Forza Italia party in return for political favours.
They did not find evidence to corroborate Cancemi's allegations. Similarly, a two-year investigation, also launched on evidence from Cancemi, into Berlusconi's alleged association with the Mafia was closed in To be clear, that party was Forza Italia.
Provenzano stated that the Mafia's judicial problems would be resolved within 10 years of , thanks to the undertakings given by Forza Italia.
At the time Berlusconi still was just a wealthy real estate developer and started his private television empire.
Bontade visited Berlusconi's villa in Arcore through his contact Vittorio Mangano. The alleged pact with the Mafia fell apart in Cosa Nostra had achieved nothing.
Spatuzza testified that his boss Giuseppe Graviano had told him in , that Berlusconi was bargaining with the Mafia, concerning a political-electoral agreement between Cosa Nostra and Berlusconi's Forza Italia.
Spatuzza said Graviano disclosed the information to him during a conversation in a bar Graviano owned in the upscale Via Veneto district of the Italian capital Rome.
Dell'Utri was the intermediary, according to Spatuzza. Dell'Utri has dismissed Spatuzza's allegations as "nonsense".
I am sorry that words that have been misunderstood have offended the sensitivity of my Arab and Muslim friends.
After the family of Eluana Englaro who had been comatose for 17 years succeeded in having her right to die recognized by the judges and getting doctors to start the process of allowing her to die in the way established by the court, Berlusconi issued a decree to stop the doctor from letting her die.
Stating that, "This is murder. I would be failing to rescue her. I'm not a Pontius Pilate ". Berlusconi went on to defend his decision by claiming that she was "in the condition to have babies", [] arguing that comatose women were still subject to menstruation.
During his long career as Prime Minister , Berlusconi has had to deal with massive immigration from the coast of North Africa. To limit illegal immigration , the Berlusconi's government promulgated the Bossi-Fini law in This law took the name by the leaders of the two right-wing allied parties in Berlusconi's government coalition, Umberto Bossi of Lega Nord and Gianfranco Fini of National Alliance.
The law provides the expulsion, issued by the Prefect of the Province where an illegal foreign immigrant is found, and is immediately performed with the assistance at the border of the police.
Illegal immigrants without valid identity documents, are taken to detention centers , set up by the Turco-Napolitano law , in order to be identified.
The law provides for the issuance of residence permits to persons who provide proof of having a job for their maintenance budget.
To this general rule you add the special residence permits and those in the application of the right to asylum.
The standard allows the repatriation to the country of origin on the high seas, on the basis of bilateral agreements between Italy and neighboring countries, which commit the police forces of their respective countries to cooperate in the prevention of illegal immigration.
If the illegal immigrant ships dock on Italian soil, the identification of those entitled to political asylum and the supply of medical treatment and care is undertaken by the marine police force.
The law had been severely criticised by the centre-left opposition. In , the European Parliament asked Italy to modify the Bossi-Fini law because it was too restrictive and severe.
Berlusconi has developed a reputation for making gaffes or insensitive remarks. This incident caused a brief cooling of Italy's relationship with Germany.
Addressing traders at the New York Stock Exchange in September , Berlusconi listed a series of reasons to invest in Italy, the first of which was that "we have the most beautiful secretaries in the world".
This remark resulted in remonstration among female members of parliament, who took part in a one-day cross-party protest.
In , during an interview with Nicholas Farrell, then editor of The Spectator , Berlusconi claimed that Mussolini "had been a benign dictator who did not murder opponents but sent them 'on holiday ' ".
Berlusconi had made disparaging remarks about Finnish cuisine during negotiations to decide on the location of the European Food Safety Authority in He caused further offence in , when he claimed that during the negotiations he had had to "dust off his playboy charms" in order to persuade the Finnish president, Tarja Halonen , to concede that the EFSA should be based in Parma instead of Finland, and compared Finnish smoked reindeer unfavourably to culatello.
The Italian ambassador in Helsinki was summoned by the Finnish foreign minister. Halonen took the incident in good humour, retorting that Berlusconi had "overestimated his persuasion skills".
The pizza won first prize in America's Plate International pizza contest in March In March , Berlusconi alleged that Chinese communists under Mao Zedong had "boiled [children] to fertilise the fields".
In the run-up to the Italian general election , Berlusconi was accused of sexism for saying that female politicians from the right were "more beautiful" and that "the left has no taste, even when it comes to women".
He also stated that he doubted that such a composition would be possible in Italy given the "prevalence of men" in Italian politics. Also in , Berlusconi caused controversy at a joint press conference with Russian president Vladimir Putin.
When a journalist from the Russian paper Nezavisimaya Gazeta asked a question about Mr. Putin's personal relationships, Berlusconi made a gesture towards the journalist imitating a gunman shooting.
On 6 November , two days after Barack Obama was elected the first black US president, Berlusconi referred to Obama as "young, handsome and even tanned": [] [] [] On 26 March he said "I'm paler [than Mr.
Obama], because it's been so long since I went sunbathing. He's more handsome, younger and taller. On 24 January , Berlusconi announced his aim to increase the numbers of military patrolling the Italian cities from 3, to 30, in order to crack down on what he called an "evil army" of criminals.
Responding to a female journalist who asked him if this tenfold increase in patrolling soldiers would be enough to secure Italian women from being raped, he said: "We could not field a big enough force to avoid this risk [of rape].
We would need as many soldiers as beautiful women and I don't think that would be possible, because our women are so beautiful.
Berlusconi retorted that he had merely wanted to compliment Italian women. Other critics accused him of creating a police state.
Two days after the L'Aquila earthquake , Berlusconi suggested that people left homeless should view their experience as a camping weekend.
Subsequently, at a tent camp on the outskirts of L'Aquila housing some of the more than 30, people who lost their homes during the earthquake he said to an African priest: "you have a nice tan.
In October , Berlusconi was chastised by the Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano after he was filmed telling "offensive and deplorable jokes", including one whose punchline was similar to one of the gravest blasphemies in the Italian language.
It was also revealed he had made another antisemitic joke a few days previously. Berlusconi responded to the allegations by saying the jokes were "neither an offence nor a sin, but merely a laugh".
On 1 November , after once again being accused of involvement in juvenile prostitution, he suggested that an audience at the Milan trade fair should stop reading newspapers: "Don't read newspapers any more because they deceive you.
On 13 July , according to a leaked telephone surveillance transcript, Berlusconi told his presumed blackmailer Valter Lavitola: "The only thing they can say about me is that I screw around [ I don't give a fuck.
In a few months [ On 27 January , on the occasion of the Holocaust Remembrance Day , Berlusconi said the Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini , except for passing anti-Jewish laws in , only had done "good things" for Italy; and also said Mussolini from a strategic point of view did the right thing in siding with Adolf Hitler during World War II , because Hitler at the point of time when the alliance was made had appeared to be winning the war.
Berlusconi's career as an entrepreneur is also often questioned by his detractors. The allegations made against him generally include suspicions about the extremely rapid increase of his activity in the construction industry in the years —63, hinting at the possibility that in those years he received money from unknown and possibly illegal sources.
These accusations are regarded by Berlusconi and his supporters as empty slander , trying to undermine Berlusconi's reputation as a self-made man.
Also frequently cited by opponents are events dating to the s, including supposed " exchanges of favours " between Berlusconi and Bettino Craxi , the former Socialist prime minister and leader of the Italian Socialist Party convicted in , for various corruption charges.
The Milan magistrates who indicted and successfully convicted Mr. Craxi in their " Clean Hands " investigation laid bare an entrenched system in which businessmen paid hundreds of millions of dollars to political parties or individual politicians in exchange for sweetheart deals with Italian state companies and the government itself.
On 28 May , Berlusconi and his entourage launched an online initiative which consisted in the recruitment of volunteers, who are available to defend Berlusconi from the convictions of Milan 's prosecutors, who are dealing with his trials, [] and who, Berlusconi often accused of being communists and anti-democratic.
Simone Furlan, the creator of the Freedom Army said in an interview: "There comes a time in life, when you realize that fighting for an ideal is no longer a choice but an obligation.
We civil society we were helpless spectators of the "War of the Twenty Years" which saw Berlusconi fight and defend against slanderous accusations of all kinds, the result of a judicial persecution without precedent in history".
The wiretap was part of an investigation by the Public Prosecutor Office of Naples , where Berlusconi was investigated for corruption. Berlusconi said, in his own defence: "In the entertainment world everybody knows that, in certain situations in RAI TV you work only if you prostitute yourself or if you are leftist.
I have intervened on behalf of some personalities who are not leftists and have been completely set apart by RAI TV. Berlusconi was explicitly named as a person involved in the "commercial sexual exploitation of a Moroccan child".
At the end of April , Berlusconi's wife Veronica Lario , who would divorce him several years later, wrote an open letter expressing her anger at Berlusconi's choice of young, attractive female candidates—some with little or no political experience—to represent the party in the European Parliament elections.
Berlusconi demanded a public apology, claiming that for the third time his wife had "done this to me in the middle of an election campaign", and stated that there was little prospect of his marriage continuing.
Noemi Letizia, the girl in question, gave interviews to the Italian press, revealing that she calls Berlusconi "papi" "daddy" , that they often spent time together in the past, and that Berlusconi would take care of her career as showgirl or politician, whichever she opted to pursue.
On 14 May, la Repubblica published an article alleging many inconsistencies in Berlusconi's story and asked him to answer ten questions to clarify the situation.
Ten days later, Letizia's ex-boyfriend, Luigi Flaminio, claimed that Berlusconi had contacted Letizia personally in October and said she had spent a week without her parents at Berlusconi's Sardinian villa around New Year's Eve , [] a fact confirmed later by her mother.
On 17 June , Patrizia D'Addario, a year-old escort and retired actress [] from Bari , Italy, claimed that she had been recruited twice to spend the evening with Berlusconi.
I have never understood what satisfaction there is if the pleasure of conquest is absent". On 26 June , the "ten questions" to Berlusconi were reformulated by la Repubblica newspaper, and subsequently republished multiple times.
Berlusconi's lifestyle has raised eyebrows in Catholic circles, with vigorous criticism being expressed in particular by the newspaper Avvenire , owned by the Conferenza Episcopale Italiana Conference of Italian Bishops.
This was followed by the publication in the newspaper il Giornale owned by the Berlusconi family of details with regard to legal proceedings against the editor of Avvenire , Dino Boffo, which seemed to implicate him for a harassment case against the wife of his ex-partner.
After a period of tense exchanges and polemics, on 3 September , Boffo resigned from his editorial position [] [] and the assistant editor Marco Tarquinio became editor ad interim.
On 22 September , after a press conference, Berlusconi declared that he had asked his ministers not to respond anymore to questions regarding "gossip".
He stated also that the Italian press should talk only about the "successes" of Italian Government in internal and foreign policies, adding also that the press now will be able only to ask questions relating to his administration and not to gossip.
The girl told prosecutors in Milan that these events were like orgies where Berlusconi and 20 young women performed an African-style ritual known as the " bunga bunga " in the nude.
It was also found out that, on 27 May , El Mahroug had been arrested for theft by the Milan police but being still a minor she was directed to a shelter for juvenile offenders.
After a couple of hours, while she was being questioned, Berlusconi, who was at the time in Paris, called the head of the police in Milan and pressured for her release, claiming the girl was related to Hosni Mubarak , then President of Egypt , and that in order to avoid a diplomatic crisis, she was to be brought to the custody of Nicole Minetti.
Following repeated telephone calls by Berlusconi to the police authorities, El Mahroug was eventually released and entrusted to Minetti's care.
The investigation of Berlusconi for extortion concussione and child prostitution regarding Karima El Mahroug has been referred to as " Rubygate ".
MP Gaetano Pecorella proposed to lower the age of majority in Italy to solve the case. In November she became a dental hygienist, and shortly afterward treated Berlusconi for two broken teeth and facial injuries after he was attacked with a marble statue at a political rally.
The Guardian reported that according to a series of media reports in October , Berlusconi had met El Mahroug, then 17, through Nicole Minetti.
Mahroug insisted that she had not slept with the then year-old prime minister. She told Italian newspapers that she merely attended dinner at his mansion near Milan.
She said he also gave her jewellery. The fact that this coincided with severe cuts being made to the country's arts budget provoked a strong reaction from the public.
In January , Berlusconi was placed under criminal investigation relating to El Mahroug for allegedly having sex with an underage prostitute and for abuse of office relating to her release from detention.
On 15 February , a judge indicted Berlusconi to stand trial on charges carrying up to 15 years in prison. On 24 June , Berlusconi was found guilty of paying for sex with an underage prostitute and of abusing his office.
Berlusconi appealed the sentence [] [] and his conviction was quashed a year later, on 18 July On 1 March , the Moroccan model Imane Fadil, who was one of the main witnesses in the process, died in strange circumstances, allegedly killed by radioactive poisoning.
In , Wondery released a podcast about Berlusconi's rise and fall entitled "Bunga Bunga. In April the Panama Papers scandal broke out; it was a leaked set of The documents show how wealthy individuals, including public officials, hid their assets from public scrutiny.
Berlusconi was cited in the list, along with his long-time partner at A. Milan , Adriano Galliani. On 13 December , Berlusconi was hit in the face with an alabaster [] statuette of Milan Cathedral after a rally in Milan's Piazza del Duomo.
As Berlusconi was shaking hands with the public, a man in the crowd stepped forward and launched the statuette at him.
The assailant was subsequently detained and identified as Massimo Tartaglia, a year-old surveyor with a history of mental illness but no criminal record, living in the outskirts of Milan.
Berlusconi suffered facial injuries, a broken nose and two broken teeth; he was subsequently hospitalised. In the night of 15—16 December, a year-old man was stopped by police and Berlusconi's bodyguards while trying to gain access to Berlusconi's hospital room.
A search revealed that he carried no weapons, although three hockey sticks and two knives were later found in his car. The suspect was known to have a history of mental illness and mandatory treatment in mental institutions.
Berlusconi was discharged from the hospital on 17 December On 7 June , after the campaign for the local elections , Berlusconi was hospitalized to the San Raffaele Hospital in Milan because of heart problems.
He had had contact with businessman Flavio Briatore , who had been hospitalized after contracting the virus, [] and with his daughter Barbara and his son Luigi, who had also tested positive.
He holds significant assets in television, newspaper, publishing, cinema, finance, banking, insurance, and sports.
Berlusconi's main company, Mediaset , operates three national television channels, which in total cover half of the national television sector; and Publitalia it , the leading Italian advertising and publicity agency.
Berlusconi also owns a controlling stake in Arnoldo Mondadori Editore , the largest Italian publishing house, whose publications include Panorama , one of the country's most popular news magazines.
His brother, Paolo Berlusconi , owns and operates il Giornale , a centre-right newspaper which provides a pro-Berlusconi slant on Italian politics.
Il Foglio , one of the most influential Italian right-wing newspapers, is partially owned by his former wife, Veronica Lario.
After Lario sold some of her ownership in , Paolo Berlusconi acquired a majority interest in the newspaper.
He founded and is the major shareholder of Fininvest , which is among the largest private companies in Italy; [] it operates in media and finance.
With Ennio Doris he founded Mediolanum , one of the country's biggest banking and insurance groups. He has interests in cinema and home video distribution Medusa Film and Penta Film.
He also owned the football club A. Milan from to , [38] and currently owns A. Monza since From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Italian politician and media tycoon.
For other uses, see Berlusconi disambiguation. Carla Dall'Oglio. Veronica Lario. This article is part of a series about. Main article: Milano Due.
Main article: Fininvest. Main article: Political career of Silvio Berlusconi. Main article: Italian general election, Main article: Policies of Silvio Berlusconi.
This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. October Main article: Trials and allegations involving Silvio Berlusconi.
Main article: Silvio Berlusconi underage prostitution charges. Main article: Silvio Berlusconi prostitute trial. Main article: Panama Papers.
Archived from the original on 6 January Retrieved 5 January How did he get there? The Independent. Retrieved on 4 August Archived from the original on 9 February Retrieved 14 November Archived from the original on 11 November Archived from the original on 2 December Retrieved 16 November The New York Review of Books.
Archived from the original on 25 October Retrieved 6 September BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 April Retrieved 10 September Archived from the original on 14 October Retrieved 18 September Il Fatto Quotidiano.
The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March Archived from the original on 7 February Retrieved 9 November Archived from the original on 18 February Retrieved 27 October Retrieved 18 April A young Silvio Berlusconi is pictured singing on a cruise ship in the s.
Berlusconi was born in Milan in , and studied law in Milan, graduating in He occasionally performed as a cruise ship crooner, and later recorded two albums.
L'orgia del potere. Il Mulino. Retrieved 24 June Archived from the original on 16 January USA Today. Retrieved 28 December The Guardian. Retrieved 10 April Assalto alla stampa: Controllare i media per governare l'opinione pubblica.
Bari: Dedalo. Un impero nato per decreto-Craxi" in Italian. Archived from the original on 15 December Medien und Ökonomie in German.
VS Verlag. Retrieved 9 August Football Italia. Retrieved 13 April Archived from the original on 28 November BBC News 12 November Yahoo News.
Archived from the original on 12 December Retrieved 8 December The Times Of India. Archived from the original on 15 July Daily Telegraph.
Archived from the original on 18 September Retrieved 5 February I-Italy 26 April The Report: Libya Freedom House.
Archived from the original on 3 May Archived from the original on 11 October NBC News. Retrieved 1 November Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 21 September The American.
Archived from the original on 22 February Journal of Political Ideologies. Italian Chamber of Deputies. Archived from the original on 12 June Greenwood Publishing Group.
Archived from the original on 13 March Il mulino. Archived from the original on 22 October Retrieved 17 November Tempo scaduto.
Il "Contratto con gli italiani" alla prova dei fatti. Archived from the original on 26 October Archived from the original on 20 October Archived from the original on 30 September Retrieved 27 January Archived from the original on 20 March Archived from the original on 20 November Corriere della Sera.
Archived from the original on 6 November Archived from the original on 29 October Archived from the original on 25 February Archived from the original on 13 July La Stampa in Italian.
L'Unione Sarda. Archived from the original PDF on 25 August Archived from the original on 1 November Il Sole 24 Ore in Italian.
Archived from the original on 2 November Archived from the original on 5 November The Economist. Archived from the original on 16 December Archived from the original on 23 October Archived from the original on 21 February Retrieved 20 November Votazione della questione di fiducia".
Archived from the original on 10 December Associated Press. Archived from the original on 24 December Retrieved 13 November Archived from the original on 14 November Archived from the original on 23 September The Age.
Retrieved 25 November The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 12 October Letta: faccio passo indietro - Diretta aggiornata alle del 13 novembre - Repubblica.
La Repubblica. Archived from the original on 27 December Retrieved 12 November Archived from the original on 31 January Archived from the original on 1 February Voto il 10 marzo" — Politica — Tgcom Retrieved 28 July Retrieved on 24 August Archived from the original on 3 December Crollo del Partito democratico.
Centrodestra prima coalizione. Il Carroccio sorpassa Forza Italia". Retrieved 5 March Archived from the original PDF on 28 September Berlusconi, l' uomo che disse in passato di essere dalla parte degli Stati Uniti prima ancora di sapere da quale parte questi si schierano Here's why".
The Christian Science Monitor. Ambasciata d'Italia Tel Aviv. July Archived from the original on 15 November Archived from the original on 25 August Sabah in Turkish.
Archived from the original on 18 October The Irish Times. The Washington Post. The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 7 November Daily Times.
Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on 16 September The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2 April Retrieved 22 July Archived from the original on 24 February Parliament of Italy press release.
Archived from the original on 18 June Retrieved 10 June Archived from the original on 16 June The Tripoli Post.
La Repubblica in Italian. Deutsche Presse-Agentur. Archived from the original on 16 October Daily Express.
Archived from the original on 27 October Bloomberg LP. Retrieved 11 March The Times. Archived from the original on 29 June Retrieved 16 April Archived from the original on 15 February Archived from the original on 17 April Archived from the original on 9 January Retrieved 2 October Archived from the original on 28 March Il Foglio.
Archived from the original on 14 May Retrieved 22 January Archived from the original on 4 February City A.
Archived from the original on 2 February Il Messaggero. Archived from the original on 3 November Retrieved 28 November Pdl: "Coerente " ".
Archived from the original on 24 March Retrieved 11 November Retrieved 20 August The Daily Beast. Retrieved 3 April Foreign Policy.
Retrieved 3 March The Financial Times. Retrieved 10 February Archived from the original on 24 September Archived from the original on 13 April Retrieved 7 March New Europe.
Archived from the original on 20 February Retrieved 6 December Retrieved 28 February Retrieved 23 October Archived from the original on 30 October Corte Costituzionale.
Retrieved 23 May Hooper, John 15 February Archived from the original on 31 August Retrieved 24 December Archived from the original on 23 May Retrieved 13 February Retrieved 9 April Archived from the original on 25 May Retrieved 14 January Archived from the original on 20 July Retrieved 17 June The Italy News.
Archived from the original on 28 July Retrieved 18 July Retrieved 20 July Corriere Della Sera. Il Giornale. Berlusconi verso il rinvio a giudizio".
Retrieved 26 October Archived from the original on 13 October Archived from the original on 25 April Retrieved 2 August Archived from the original on 22 April Irish Times.
Archived from the original on 4 October Retrieved 5 August Financial Times. Archived from the original on 5 September Retrieved 5 September Archived from the original on 29 September Archived from the original on 14 December The Sydney Morning Herald.
Archived from the original on 28 December Retrieved 26 September The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 4 October Voice of America.
Archived from the original on 15 October Postponement of date and secret ballot. PD: "It may be obvious.
Archived from the original on 29 April Retrieved 15 October Reuters Italia. Retrieved 30 October Archived from the original on 1 March Retrieved 27 November Archived from the original on 17 October Il Sole 24 ORE.
Retrieved 19 March Archived from the original on 16 April Retrieved 4 March RCS MediaGroup. Storia d'Italia da Mussolini a Berlusconi.
Archived from the original on 20 September Repubblica Radio TV. Archived from the original on 3 October Silvio Berlusconi, i media e il conflitto di interesse.
Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 2 March Archived from the original on 27 September Archived from the original on 5 December Archived from the original on 16 July Archived from the original on 21 July International Herald Tribune.
Retrieved 30 March Archived from the original on 7 September Retrieved 25 June Archived from the original on 26 June Retrieved 13 October Archived from the original on 8 October Retrieved 3 October Jacobin magazine.
Italy and Its Discontents. London: Penguin Books. Archived from the original on 17 August Archived from the original on 26 May Berlusconi's Shadow.
Archived from the original PDF on 20 October Retrieved 2 March
Ich tue Abbitte, dass sich eingemischt hat... Aber mir ist dieses Thema sehr nah. Schreiben Sie in PM.