
Guppies Unsere Themen im Aquaristik-Ratgeber
Der Guppy ist einer der beliebtesten Süßwasserzierfische innerhalb der Lebendgebärenden Zahnkarpfen. Der lebendgebärende Guppy vermehrt sich im Aquarium meist sehr schnell. Er stammt ursprünglich aus Süßgewässern der Karibik sowie den küstennahen. Der Guppy: Pflegeleichter Aquarienfisch. Guppys gehören zu den beliebtesten Fischen für Süßwasser-Aquarien weltweit. Sie vermehren sich auch in. Der Guppy (Poecilia reticulata; früher Lebistes reticulatus) ist einer der beliebtesten Süßwasserzierfische innerhalb der Lebendgebärenden Zahnkarpfen. Die Guppys (Acanthophacelus) sind eine aus vier Arten bestehende Untergattung der Gattung Poecilia aus der Gruppe der Lebendgebärenden Zahnkarpfen. Im ausgewachsenen Zustand erreichen die Guppys eine Größe von 3 bis 5 Zentimetern. Sie können bis zu 4 Jahre alt werden. Die Guppy-Männchen sind sehr. Guppys sind die unangefochtene Nummer eins unter den Fischliebhabern, da sie viel Farbe ins Becken bringen und extrem vermehrungsfreudig sind. Einer der beliebtesten Aquarienfische ist der Guppy. Der kleine und bunte Fisch ist sehr anpassungsfähig. Gerade von Anfängern werden Guppys gerne.

Guppies Categories Video
How to Produce Thousands of Different Varieties of GUPPIES
Wie kann man Guppys züchten? Das Verhalten der Guppys; Wovon ernähren sich Guppys? Welche Fische vertragen sich mit dem Guppy? Welche Kosten. Welche Fische können mit Guppys zusammen gehalten werden? Guppys. Guppy Männchen Foto: Philippe Coulon. Prinzipiell können alle Fische die nicht an. Guppys fressen übrigens im Aquarium gerne Algen zur Nahrungsergänzung. Guppy Weibchen. Guppy-Fortpflanzung leicht gemacht. Die Geschlechter zu. However, such behavior results in food that is found being shared with other members of the group. Studies also show when an evolutionary cost exists, guppies that tend to shoal are less aggressive and less competitive with regards to scarce resources.
When guppies with a high tendency to shoal were isolated from high-predation regions and were relocated to predator-free environments, over time, they decreased their shoaling behavior, supporting the hypothesis that shoaling is less preferred in low-predation environments.
Guppies are highly prolific livebearers. Reproduction typically continues through the year, and the female becomes ready for conception again quickly after parturition.
The gonopodium has a channel-like structure through which bundles of spermatozoa , called spermatozeugmata, are transferred to females. In courted mating, where the female shows receptive behavior following the male's courtship display, the male briefly inserts the gonopodium into the female's genital pore for internal fertilization.
However, in the case of sneaky mating where copulation is forced , the male approaches the female and thrusts the gonopodium at the female's urogenital pore.
Once inseminated, female guppies can store sperm in their ovaries and gonoducts, which can continue to fertilize ova up to eight months.
The guppy has been successfully hybridised with various species of molly Poecilia latipinna or P. However, the hybrids are always male and appear to be infertile.
Due to the extensive selective breeding of guppies for desirable traits such as greater size and colour, some strains of the fish have become less hardy than their wild counterparts.
Immense inbreeding of guppies has been found to affect body size, fertility and susceptibility to diseases. Guppies prefer a hard-water aquarium with a temperature between Guppies are generally peaceful, though nipping behaviour is sometimes exhibited between male guppies or towards other top swimmers like members of the genus Xiphophorus platies and swordtails , and occasionally other fish with prominent fins, such as angelfish.
Guppies should not be kept as a single fish in an aquarium because both males and females show signs of shoaling , and are usually found in large groups in the wild [58].
Its most famous characteristic is its propensity for breeding, and it can breed in both freshwater and marine aquaria.
Guppies prefer water temperatures around Pregnant female guppies have enlarged and darkened gravid spots near their anal vents. Just before birth, the eyes of fry may be seen through the translucent skin in this area of the female's body.
The female guppy has drops of two to fry at a time, typically ranging between 30 and Well-fed adults do not often eat their own young, although sometimes safe zones are required for the fry.
Specially designed livebearer birthing tanks, which can be suspended inside the aquarium, are available from aquatic retailers.
These also serve to shield the pregnant female from further attention from the males, which is important because the males sometimes attack the females while they are giving birth.
Well-planted tanks that offer barriers to adult guppies shelter the young quite well. Guppy grass , water sprite , water wisteria , duckweed , and java moss are all good choices.
A continuous supply of live food, such as Daphnia or brine shrimp , keep adult fish full and may spare the fry when they are born.
Feeding fry live foods, such as baby brine shrimp , microworms , infusoria and vinegar eels , is recommended. Alternatives include finely ground flake food, egg yolk, and liquid fish food, though the particulates in these may be too large for the youngest fry to eat.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Guppy disambiguation. Peters , Play media. Archived from the original on 22 September Retrieved 16 November Archived from the original on 9 June Retrieved 24 February Evolutionary Ecology: The Trinidadian Guppy.
New York: Oxford University Press. Canadian Journal of Zoology. Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum. London: Taylor and Francis. Archived from the original on 21 September Global Invasive Species Database.
Retrieved 27 August April version. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. Archived from the original on 19 October Archived from the original on 19 January Retrieved 18 November Zoological Science.
PLOS Biology. Helen; Ross, Patrick Differential Mortality as a Mechanism for Natural Selection". Experimental Gerontology.
Helen; Reznick, David N. Environmental Biology of Fishes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. November Nature Reviews Genetics.
December Journal of Evolutionary Biology. April Animal Behaviour. June Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. Helen; Hughes, Kimberly A.
Behavioral Ecology. The American Naturalist. Archived from the original on 12 December Retrieved 6 December September January Evolutionary Ecology.
Current Biology. Scientific American. Royal Society Open Science. West African Journal of Applied Ecology. Archived from the original on 3 December Archived from the original on 13 May Retrieved 7 May July Cancer Research.
Aquaworld Aquarium. Archived from the original on 2 December Retrieved 26 November Archived from the original on 24 July Conservation Biology.
Freshwater Aquariums for Dummies 2nd ed. Hoboken: Wiley. Journal of Fish Biology. Fisheries Science.
Retrieved 25 November Archived from the original on 24 December Archived from the original on 22 October Archived from the original on 7 December The male will have the larger, more colorful tails.
Fish Lore Forum : Guppy Forum. References : Fishbase Wikipedia. Place some breeder grass for the babies to go into after birth on the same side of the tank.
The babies will hide in the breeder grass until you can retrieve them. Net the babies and put them into the breeder box and then remove the tank separator.
This may be less stressful for the female since she would have more space than if you were to put her into a breeder box.
It also makes cleaning up a breeze after feeding the babies since you just have to siphon up the uneaten food in the breeding box.
From: Suzie What is wrong when your guppies and goldfish start sitting at the bottom of the tank and their gills are pumping fast along with their mouths, then they will start to lay on their sides swim around and back to their sides then after appx days they have passed on to fishy heaven.
What could be causing this? It could a few different things but most likely there is a problem with the water in your tank.
Have you checked the ammonia , nitrite , nitrate and pH levels? If your tank is new then it probably has not cycled yet. For more information on this please read about the Aquarium Nitrogen Cycle.
This is a very important process that you must understand if you want to be successful at keeping fish.
From: Jenn I woke up the other morning and to my surprise found 8 babies. I have no idea how long they have been there.
I had to treat the other fish for ick so I removed them from the tank before the treatment began. All the other guppies have ick.
Do you think the babies will too? Getting ick in your tank usually means that something is out of whack with your water parameters, you recently introduced a new fish, or you have a new system with all new fish.
You'll need to check the ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and pH levels. If this is a new tank, be sure to read up on the Nitrogen Cycle.
The baby fish will get ick too so you will need to treat them right away if you don't want to lose them.
From: Elizabeth Having a hard time deciding to breeding them or not? Well, here are some questions that you should ask yourself: Is your tank big enough?
Where will they grow? Where will they go? But most inportantly, is it necessary to breed them? Hope this works! From: Megan I have a new tank that hasn't completed the Nitrogen Cycle yet and I was wondering if they would do okay.
They may have a chance of making it through the cycle if you stay vigilant with those water changes to keep the ammonia and nitrites from getting too high.
The downside is that you're prolonging the aquarium nitrogen cycle by doing the water changes. Read the page on the nitrogen cycle for ways to kick start this process.
Look into the Bio-spira product for the nitrogen cycle. From: StanMan I have a pregnant female fancy and I have no idea how or what to do when the babies are released.
Would it be ok if I leave the fry in a fish bowl until they are big enough to get into the tank with the parents? Its stomach is about almost a centimeter slumping down and the triangle is really dark and big.
Will it breed soon? Sounds like the breeding has already happened. It's difficult to say when she'll drop the babies.
Get some breeder grass or use a breeder net to capture as many of the babies as possible. If you don't you risk the other fish in the tank eating the babies.
A bowl may not work very well need a heater and sponge filter in order to raise these baby fish until they are big enough to re-enter the tank. They need very frequent small feedings with quality fish fry foods and good water conditions provided via frequent partial water changes.
From: Ro In my experience, they will get along fine with most fish. However, don't house them with male OR female Betta fish.
I once made the mistake of adding a female betta to my tank, assuming from what I'd heard from the shopkeeper that they didn't nip!
The betta is now back where she belongs, in the shop, and mine are healing nicely. I keep mine with platys and cherry barbs. They all get on fine, great fish with a peaceful community.
I've also kept them with black and balloon mollies , otos , and corys without any problems. From: Mommy of Many! I took mom out and put her into her own little tank.
I figured she was prego and she was as a couple of weeks later she had about 20 babies. I removed all the babies and put them into their own tank.
It has been about a month. I have cleaned moms tank completely as in mom was in a measuring cup on the counter and the tank completely empty , not even gravel.
I looked today and saw mom chasing around another group of babies. Now I need to know why? There has been no male at all in almost 2 months yet I have babies.
Are guppies capable of asexual reproduction? The female can have several batches of fry from just one fertilization from a male. From: Maddy - New Tank I want to have guppies and other livebearers in my community tank that is cycling.
I have heard they need salt and wondering if the salt would harm the other fish I put in too, or if livebearers can cope without. Looking forward to an answer!
Oh man, you don't need to subject fish to the cycle nowadays. There are products on the market to quickly cycle a tank.
Check out the aquarium nitrogen cycle page for more info on these products. By subjecting your fish to the cycle you are most likely shortening their life spans if they even survive the aquarium cycle at all.
As far as salt goes, I wouldn't put it in the tank unless it was a Molly fish tank. Most commonly available livebearers will do just fine without the addition of aquarium salt.
From: The Giver I disagree with the aquarium salt in the above posting. I agree that it is great for mollies.
However, it has been my personal experience that it does wonders to prevent ick and other diseases when added even less than monthly and in small quantities of course to the tank.
I have never had a problem. If anything, I have an overbreeding problem! Related Fish Profiles Xiphophorus maculatus Platy Another popular freshwater aquarium fish species and a very hardy livebearer.
They come if tons of different varieties. Xiphophorus helleri Swordtail Many colorful varieties are available and males develop a signature "sword" like tail.
Toggle navigation. If you want to try and raise the fry look into investing in a breeding box or breeder net like these: Breeding Box or Breeding Net.
Xiphophorus maculatus Platy Another popular freshwater aquarium fish species and a very hardy livebearer. From: Mark via email Mine is pregnant but I dont know how long and what to do when it gives birth?
Please help. The gestation period for guppies is usually about 28 days but it can take longer for them to have babies. Sometimes up to 38 or 40 days.
After she has the babies, return the female to the tank but leave the babies in the breeder box. Feed them very small amounts of brine shrimp 3 or 4 times a day.
After about 2 weeks you can start to feed them crushed flake food.
Ein einzelnes Weibchen zu einem Männchen zu geben, ist nicht empfehlenswert, da das Weibchen sonst gehetzt werden würde. Zu beobachten ist immer wieder, dass die Männchen die Weibchen für die Paarung bedrängen. Lebendgebärende Guppies Poeciliidae. Guppys stammen aus warmen Gewässern. Dann wird die Farbgebung weitergegeben oder noch intensiver. Freitag Koch man annahm, die Fische seien mit den bereits bekannten Poecilia reticulata nicht identisch, wurde die Art zunächst Dvd News eigene Spezies unter der Bezeichnung Girardinus guppyi beschrieben. Zur Zucht kommt nochmals eins dazu, das alle paar Tage gereinigt werden sollte.
Guppies - Der Guppy: Pflegeleichter Aquarienfisch
So lange die Strömung nicht alles auf- bzw. Häufig bleiben diese Nachkommen kleiner und sind farbloser als ihre Vorfahren. Guppys kommen in unterschiedlichen Gewässern vor. Eine starke Vermehrung der Pflanzen ist unerwünscht, da sonst zu wenig Licht ins Aquarium dringt. Das hat verschiedene Gründe: Sie ist hübsch, leicht zu pflegen und sehr aktiv. Zu erkennen ist eine bevorstehende Geburt daran, dass sich das Weibchen weniger bewegt und warme Plätze aufsucht. Daher sollten Aquarienbesitzer häufig, aber wenig füttern. Infizierte Tiere müssen nicht in ein Quarantänebecken, denn das Wasser ist ebenfalls befallen. So sollte das Aquarium mit Pflanzen am Boden und im mittleren Feld ausgestattet werden, so dass sich die Jungen verstecken Rio 2 Kinox. Dichte Bepflanzung schützt den Nachwuchs vor den adulten Guppies. Restrict the feedings to once or twice a day Guppies remove any food that has not been eaten within 5 minutes. Co-authors: A regular filtration system should be enough to keep your tank oxygenated, but you can also Hannelore Cremer an airstone to help add oxygen to the water if you have a larger tank or if you have lots of KuDamm 56 Ganzer Film. Feeds on worms, larvae, bloodworm and various small insects. You can buy guppy breeding tanks for your guppies, or you build one and this can be costumed done for a variety of objectives. About This Article.
The Crystal Red Shrimp is a uniquely-looking shrimp that can be identified by its red and white striped body.
They are difficult to breed, which accounts for their higher price and they tend to be hard to care for. If you make sure your guppies are well fed and your shrimp have access to plenty of hiding spaces, you may get lucky and get away with housing shrimp and fish together, especially that guppies are not predatory by nature.
Larger in size than Cherry Shrimp, the Amano Shrimp are peaceful bottom dwellers that can be housed in a community freshwater tank provided they are kept along compatible fish like bettas, bristlenose fish and even guppies, and other peaceful, small-sized fish.
Their bigger size and their excellent ability to hide to the point where their owners may think they died. The coloring of Amano Shrimp depends on their diet — when they have access to fish food only, they have a reddish coloring, when feeding on algae and detritus, they display a greenish tint.
They like eating fish food leftovers, but they need their diet supplemented with additional food like flakes, pellets, frozen and live food.
They also like vegetables like cucumber or squash. African Dwarf Frog source. The African Dwarf Frog coexist well together with small fish including guppies, especially that they hang out in different parts of the aquarium — guppies are middle dwellers, the African Dwarf Frogs are bottom dwellers.
The only drawback of keeping the two species together is feeding difficulties. Therefore, it becomes necessary to spot feed these frogs, which beginner aquarists may take issue with.
These are the fish that you can house together with your guppies to create a peaceful and happy freshwater fish community. There are some species that you should avoid keeping with your Guppies either because of predatory behavior or aggression towards guppies.
Some guides may tell you that Guppies and Angelfish are compatible. Endler Guppy source. You want to avoid this because crossbreeding can create weak offspring, which means a lot of health problems.
Avoid keeping guppies with other large fish that may mistake them for food. Predatory fish and aggressive fish are also a bad match for guppies.
Thank you for all the great info above. I feel that now I have a better chance than before to keep my fish alive. Again, thank you for the info.
I highly recommend reading our guide on nitrogen cycle , before you add fish to your new aquarium. This will save you from a lot of trouble and will help you understand how to keep your fish healthy and alive right from the start.
What fish are you planning to keep in the 10 gallon aquarium? Will you start with guppies? Good luck with your new fish tank! Great article! Thanks for all the info!
Do you have any plants which you recommend for this kind of community? Hey Grace! Thank you for the feedback! These plants are easy to take care for and do not require much maintenance.
Please check out my article on the top 25 plants that are suitable even for beginners. Something is killing my guppies there is on damasoni barb a golden algebra eater a swordtail plates every day or so I find dead guppies.
Barbs fish are pretty aggressive and they will kill guppies. I would not recommend keeping guppies with tiger, denison or any other barbs fish.
Hey Fabian! I was wondering if you can keep guppies with a pea puffer? I have a 10 gallon aquarium with 6 guppies and I would love to get a pea puffer.
Is this a good idea? Yes, you can keep guppies with a pea puffer, though you should note that probably your baby guppies will not survive.
Also note, that pea puffers are carnivores and they eat mostly snails or meaty food blood worms. So feeding them flakes or other guppy food is not enough.
This advice was extremely useful and straight forward. Thanks so much for going into such detail.
I started out with just one female betta and recently upgraded to my 40 gallon tank and am very excited for my new hobby. I want to setup a new aquarium with guppies and shrimp.
The guy from the pet store told me, that cherry shrimp are not good guppies tank mates. Then I found this article, where you recommend to keep shrimp and guppies together.
Any suggestion or help would be highly appreciated. Thank you! Hey Emily. Keeping cherry shrimp and guppies together is a controversial topic.
On the other hand, it is possible to setup a guppy aquarium, where you will use the shrimp as a cleanup crew. It is known that guppies will eat baby shrimp, so the shrimp population will not grow.
The question is what you want to do. Do you want to breed cherry shrimp for profit or just want to setup a beautiful and balanced aquascape with guppies and shrimp?
If you want to breed shrimp for profit, you should avoid keeping them with other tank mates. If you want a beautiful and healthy guppy aquarium, shrimp are a really good addition to the tank.
Make sure you add lots of live plants, hiding spaces and provide large surface area. Shrimp will thrive in a guppy aquarium if you set it up correctly.
They will not overpopulate the tank, but their population will grow overtime. Start with at least 10 shrimp in order to have the best results.
So the guy from the store is maybe right, but tank conditions and your goal matters more. So, really hope this was helpful and you can decide what to do.
This was really helpful! I already have my tank setup with 6 guppies and will purchase 10 shrimp next week. I always recommend adding the shrimp first, but it can work this way too.
Make sure you keep the lights off when you add the shrimp, so the guppies will not rush to them. Give your shrimp a few hours to find a safe place and then turn on the aquarium lights.
So, if your guppies get sick, and you plant to use any medication, make sure you choose one which is shrimp-safe. Your email address will not be published.
Guppy Fish Guppy Fish. Platy Fish. It will only be a couple dollars more in cost. I highly recommend Omega One brand.
Guppies are fast swimmers and they like to chase each other at times. Unless there are actual fins being nipped away.. What can also help to fix this is to heavily decorate your tank with plants and decor so that fish can run and hide from the bully.
This means you need to change a descent amount of the water in your aquarium over a certain amount of time. Completely awesome technology!
The average lifespan for a guppy is years. Because these fish multiply at such a rapid pace, it causes for a short life expectancy.
What this conditioner does is make the water safe for the fish. Water that comes directly out of you home faucet has chemicals in it like chlorine and etc.
Having an air pump in your aquarium is a great idea. You can get a sponge filter to add to the air hose and it actually sucks water into the sponge and filters it.
Guppies are livebearers so the babies will come as livebearing fish and not eggs. Taking care of the female so that the new coming babies has a procedure.
Adult guppies eat baby fry, and all guppies will take bites out of immobile or dead guppies they may encounter.
You can deter the parents from eating their own young by adding a lot more plants. What I did was bought one of those multiple plant kits fake plants and it really helped.
It gives the babies more hiding spots and more of them survive. If you plan on keeping the babies your fish have then you should use a breeder box.
Here is a picture and link:. Your best option is to use a certain style breeder box. Fish farms use these for this exact purpose.
It uses an air line to push water into the box from your tank at a very slow rate. The best method for hiding your baby fish fry is to buy a grass style plant.
Then once the babies are born they are in the plant and their success rate is much higher! If you want to learn guppy fish breeding then you will need to set up a tank that separates the fry from the adults.
You can buy guppy breeding tanks for your guppies, or you build one and this can be costumed done for a variety of objectives.
What your objective is will determine some of the needs in equipment and supplies. You may decide to go to guppy breeders for the guppy fish information and to purchase fish breeding tanks, these tropical fish need care if you want healthy fish, so always try and find the best information for the breed of fish, in this case male guppy and female guppy fish.
You can start with minimal investment of time and equipment by purchasing a small breeding tank. The female guppy is placed in the upper funnel portion when she is ready to give birth.
The fry float down through the funnel but remain in the small tank enclosure separate and safe from the other adults that would eat them.
They can be kept there until they are large enough to be safe. The Results can be very rewarding. To go more in-depth in the breeding of guppies, you will want at least three tanks.
The first tank would be the breeding and display tank. Adult guppies used for breeding would be kept in this tank.
A ten gallon tank would do, but twenty is better. Male guppies can be very persistent in their attempts at mating a female guppy, especially when they are expecting can be stressed by this persistence.
For this reason it is better to have at least two females for every male guppy. Keep in mind that you do not want to overcrowd the fish either.
There is the basic rule of thumb of one inch of fish per gallon of water. It is usually safer to stick with the minimum number of fish for healthy reproduction of the guppy breeders.
The native Guppy habitats are found in South and Central America where Guppies inhabit freshwater as well as brackish environment.
The Guppy has been introduced to several other parts of the world by man to control mosquito populations. In Asia, Guppies have been deliberately introduced to many regions in an effort to decrease the amount of mosquito growth.
Guppies are known as livebearers and this means they do give live birth to their young. A female can lay eggs up to three different times on one same sperm fertilization.
Each and every pregnancy laying up to a couple hundred baby fry. This makes for very quick reproducing numbers for these fish.
Even though the lifespan is not as entailed as some larger fish, they do make up in large numbers of population.
Guppies give off small bio-load and waste levels so they make for a tremendous pet fish. Not two Guppies have the same coloration or design.
The wide variety of hybrid breeds make these fish super popular. These small beautiful fish can be kept in community tanks.
Bottom Feeders also do great in these community tanks. Just make sure these tanks are tropical fish with heated water. You will need an aquarium heater for these setups.
Check our top 20 questions posted below. Submit any questions you have for new threads here. In the aquarium trade, you will find a broad selection of different Guppy types.
Guppies come in many different colors, including green, red and blue. Guppies are often found in community aquariums, but Guppies with long and flowing fins can be harassed by fin-nippers and should not be combined with such fishes.
The popular Mollies are for instance renowned for nipping fins. Guppies should ideally be kept in groups in a well planted aquarium since this will make them less shy and reduce the amount of stress.
Guppies are often over-fed by inexperienced aquarists since Guppies quickly learn how to beg for food at the surface.
Restrict the feedings to once or twice a day and remove any food that has not been eaten within 5 minutes. Over feeding can cause health problems in Guppy and will also have an adverse effect on the water quality.
A high-quality flake food will provide your Guppies with a good dietary base, but flakes should ideally be combined with other types of food to create a more varied diet.
You can for instance give your Guppies live brine shrimp, since brine shrimp is very easy to raise at home in a jar.
Chopped up earthworms will also be highly appreciated. I started filming, and saw and you can see too, in the video her have one baby guppy fry that swam off.
Second, after another push, a baby that was still in its egg casing they usually break out of the egg after a second or two, so that is normal popped out, and I did not notice anything special until later.
Aquarien von Anfängern sind Guppies relativ klein. Die Karpfenfische leben natürlicherweise im nördlichen Südamerika und in wenigen Gebieten in der Karibik. Sie sind klein und nährstoffreich. Wasser in Zimmertemperatur reicht vollkommen aus. Wahrscheinlich lag es im nördlichen und mittleren Teil Venezuelasim nördlichen Guyana und Bridget Moynahan und auf Trinidad. Die ersten beiden Afterflossenstrahlen sind kurz, die dritte, vierte und fünfte sind verlängert und bilden eine Rinne zum Spermientransfer, die Flossenstrahlen 6, 7, 8 und Natalie Minko sind verkürzt. Das Ursprungsland des Guppys ist die nordöstliche Region Südamerikas Killbill das nördliche Brasilien oder Venezuela und die vorgelagerten Inseln. Deshalb sollten nur voll ausgewachsene Guppys Operation Ganymed Zucht Guppies werden.
Ich tue Abbitte, dass sich eingemischt hat... Ich finde mich dieser Frage zurecht. Geben Sie wir werden besprechen.
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